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This paper estimates the effect of grants and workers' remittances on Jordan's long-term equilibrium real exchange rate. We estimate an equilibrium path for the Jordanian real exchange rate using the Johansen cointegration methodology over the period 1964 to 2005. Controlling for other fundamentals, we find that both grants and workers' remittances appreciate the equilibrium real exchange rate in a statistically and economically significant way. We also find that assessing deviations of the actual real exchange rate from the estimated equilibrium real exchange rate is nontrivial because different smoothing methodologies and the nonsmoothed estimates give very different results.

Electronic books. -- local. --- Emigrant remittances -- Jordan -- Mathematical models. --- Foreign exchange rates -- Jordan -- Mathematical models. --- Grants-in-aid -- Jordan -- Mathematical models. --- Smoothing (Numerical analysis). --- Finance --- Business & Economics --- International Finance --- Foreign exchange rates --- Emigrant remittances --- Grants-in-aid --- Smoothing (Numerical analysis) --- Mathematical models. --- Immigrant remittances --- Remittances, Emigrant --- Exchange rates --- Fixed exchange rates --- Flexible exchange rates --- Floating exchange rates --- Fluctuating exchange rates --- Foreign exchange --- Rates of exchange --- Federal grants --- Grants --- Rates --- Curve fitting --- Numerical analysis --- Intergovernmental fiscal relations --- Economic assistance, Domestic --- Local finance --- Exports and Imports --- Foreign Exchange --- Empirical Studies of Trade --- Remittances --- Currency --- International economics --- Real exchange rates --- Real effective exchange rates --- Terms of trade --- Outward remittances --- Economic policy --- nternational cooperation --- Jordan

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This book includes papers published in the Special Issue titled “Coastal Dynamic and Evolution”, which aimed to collect multidisciplinary studies that involved the evaluation of coastal evolution at different temporal scales, from hours and days to months and years, as well as historical changes. The volume contains investigations carried out by means of aerial photos and satellite images, as well as results from in situ surveys and observations aimed at assessing morphological changes in shoreline and dune systems as a consequence of chronic flooding and erosion processes or the occurrence of specific weather-related events. Studies on the evaluation of past and future sea-level variations and related impacts have also been included. In order to provide the reader with a wide overview of different coastal settings and methodological approaches, case studies from Russia, Italy, California (USA), Morocco, Spain, Indonesia, Ireland and Colombia have been included in this Special Issue. The content may be of interest to those who perform a wide range of investigations related to coastal analysis and management, especially to researchers and academics who can exploit the provided approaches and methodologies.

cultural heritage --- shoreline dynamics --- GIS --- UAV --- Palaeolithic --- Volga --- European Russia --- XBeach --- inundation --- erosion --- BSS --- Sant Esteve 2008 --- coarse sediment --- D50 --- sieving --- sand size --- sand parameters --- coastal dynamics --- aesthetic appeal --- Baltic Sea --- coastal dunes --- Curonian Spit --- Delphi technique --- paired comparison survey --- psychophysical approach --- Jakarta Bay --- sea level rise --- river discharge --- flooding --- tides --- currents --- beach ridges --- mathematical reconstruction --- curve fitting --- Ombrone River Delta --- coastline --- cliff and bluff retreat --- erosion rate --- uncertainty --- sea-level rise --- adaptive management --- Alicante --- beach nourishment --- CIEL*a*b* --- coastal management --- Costa Blanca --- mineralogical characterization --- sediment colour --- tourism --- western Mediterranean --- EOF --- beach profiles --- reef flat --- sand rich --- accretion --- mangrove --- coastal dynamic --- salinization --- Rhizophora mangle --- Avicennia germinans --- Laguncularia racemosa --- wave energy --- Hurricane Katia --- longshore transport --- dissipative --- tsunami propagation --- tsunami flooding --- sicilian coast --- coastal hazard --- dune characterization --- anthropic occupation --- fragmentation index --- dune surface --- coastal landscape evolution --- geomorphological analysis --- palaeo-shore platform --- relative sea-level changes --- sea-level proxy --- vertical ground movements --- campi flegrei volcanic area --- coastal landscapes --- coastal evolution assessment

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This book is a collection of recent publications from researchers all over the globe in the broad area of high-voltage engineering. The presented research papers cover both experimental and simulation studies, with a focus on topics related to insulation monitoring using state-of-the-art sensors and advanced machine learning algorithms. Special attention was given in the Special Issue to partial discharge monitoring as one of the most important techniques in insulation condition assessment. Moreover, this Special Issue contains several articles which focus on different modeling techniques that help researchers to better evaluate the condition of insulation systems. Different power system assets are addressed in this book, including transformers, outdoor insulators, underground cables, and gas-insulated substations.

artificial neural network --- simulation --- high-frequency --- artificial flashover tests --- wide bandgap power modules --- tracking --- electrical field strength --- fast-rise square wave voltages --- FDTD simulation --- cable joint --- corona discharge --- feature selection --- post insulator --- earthing systems --- wind speed --- surface discharge --- oil/paper insulation --- oil-paper insulation --- high-magnitude currents and impulse polarity --- UFVM --- Tettex 9520 --- electrical tree --- flashover characteristics --- composite insulator --- partial discharge --- numerical modeling --- saline mechanism --- thermal parameters --- space charge density --- seasonal --- ion flow field --- denoising --- DDX 9121b --- temperature --- transformer asset management --- cavity discharge --- space/interface charge --- insulation health index --- heat transfer model --- leakage current --- machine learning --- partial discharges (PD) --- RF signal --- flashover --- high impulse conditions --- grounding electrodes --- generalized finite difference time domain --- curve fitting --- grounding --- plasma discharge --- outdoor insulators --- flashover dynamic model --- wavelet transform --- degradation --- thermal properties --- bipolar charge transport model --- UHF sensor --- cable --- random walk theory --- tracking test setup --- GIL --- pressure --- modelling --- non-uniform pollution between windward and leeward sides --- calibrator --- secondary arc --- polymeric insulation --- optical-UHF integrated detection --- shoreline --- dry band arcing --- photoelectric fusion pattern --- DDX 8003 --- XLPE --- silicone gel --- partial discharge modeling --- electric field analysis --- NSCT --- electrode’s geometry --- gas --- Comsol Multiphysics --- fast-impulses --- laying modes --- ageing --- cable ampacity --- residual resistance formulation --- finite element analysis --- thermal effect --- hydrophobicity --- soil resistivity --- charge simulation method --- short-circuit discharge --- dry band formation

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This book compiles a set of original and innovative papers included in the Special Issue on UAVs for vegetation monitoring, which proves the wide scope of UAVs in very diverse vegetation applications, both in agricultural and forestry scenarios, ranging from the characterization of relevant vegetation features to the detection of plant or crop stressors. New methods and techniques are developed and applied to diverse vegetation scenarios to meet the main challenge of sustainability.

UAS --- UAV --- vegetation cover --- multispectral --- land cover --- forest --- Acacia --- Indonesia --- tropics --- vegetation ground cover --- vegetation indices --- agro-environmental measures --- olive groves --- southern Spain --- sUAS --- water stress --- ornamental --- container-grown --- artificial intelligence --- machine learning --- deep learning --- neural network --- visual recognition --- precision agriculture --- canopy cover --- image analysis --- crop mapping --- evapotranspiration (ET) --- GRAPEX --- remote sensing --- Two Source Energy Balance model (TSEB) --- contextual spatial domain/resolution --- data aggregation --- eddy covariance (EC) --- Fusarium wilt --- crop disease --- banana --- multispectral remote sensing --- purple rapeseed leaves --- unmanned aerial vehicle --- U-Net --- plant segmentation --- nitrogen stress --- Glycine max --- RGB --- canopy height --- close remote sensing --- growth model --- curve fitting --- NDVI --- solar zenith angle --- flight altitude --- time of day --- operating parameters --- CNN --- Faster RCNN --- SSD --- Inception v2 --- patch-based CNN --- MobileNet v2 --- detection performance --- inference time --- disease detection --- cotton root rot --- plant-level --- single-plant --- plant-by-plant --- classification --- UAV remote sensing --- crop monitoring --- RGB imagery --- multispectral imagery --- century-old biochar --- semantic segmentation --- random forest --- crop canopy --- multispectral image --- chlorophyll content --- remote sensing technique --- individual plant segmentation --- plant detection --- transfer learning --- maize tassel --- tassel branch number --- convolution neural network --- VGG16 --- plant nitrogen estimation --- vegetation index --- image segmentation --- transpiration --- method comparison --- oil palm --- multiple linear regression --- support vector machine --- artificial neural network --- UAV hyperspectral --- wheat yellow rust --- disease monitoring --- texture --- spatial resolution --- RGB camera --- thermal camera --- drought tolerance --- forage grass --- HSV --- CIELab --- broad-sense heritability --- phenotyping gap --- high throughput field phenotyping --- UAV digital images --- winter wheat biomass --- multiscale textures --- red-edge spectra --- least squares support vector machine --- variable importance --- drone --- hyperspectral --- thermal --- nutrient deficiency --- weed detection --- disease diagnosis --- plant trails